Digital Occupational Health: Opportunities and Challenges for the Workplace.

This paper discusses the role of the workplace in digital occupational health as part of an increasingly digitalized working life. Digital occupational health can be considered to consist of at least the following digitalized components: a) occupational health services and data, b) human resource data, c) group-level field data collected from the work environment and employees, and d) individual-level field data collected for personal use only. These data and related processes form a basis for so called data-driven management of occupational health and safety. To collect such data and keep it updated, it is important to pay attention to: a) worker acceptance, b) user friendliness, c) data validity, integrity, and protection, d) adequate resources, and e) ethical and effective use of the data. The current literature suggests that there are promising mobile and wearable devices and eHealth solutions to support worker health. To use them effectively, it is good to pay attention to the implementation process in the workplace. Ultimately, trust and collaboration among all parties are the cornerstones for gaining benefits from digital occupational health.

[Countermeasures and enlightenment of occupational health assistance for small and medium-sized enterprises at domestic and international].

China attaches great importance to the occupational health assistance for small and medium-sized enterprises, but many efforts are still needed. Through the research and comparative analysis of the policies and measures of occupational health assistance for small and medium-sized enterprises at domestic and international, this paper finds that there are still some problems in the occupational health assistance for small and medium-sized enterprises in China, such as imperfect policies, lack of safeguard measures, support platforms and resources, and puts forward that China can promote the occupational health assistance for small and medium-sized enterprises from the aspects of perfecting the support system, strengthening safeguard measures, building relevant platforms and enriching resources.

Occupational Health Services in policing: identifying the psychological burden to OHS team members.

BACKGROUND: Occupational Health Services (OHS) workers in the police are exposed to stressful and pressurized environments where they try to help employees deal with serious physical and mental health conditions. AIMS: This study used psychological surveillance to identify the level of mental health conditions within each of the police OHS (POHS) roles and to identify whether it was possible to identify the main hazards and resilience factors related to these conditions. METHODS: Data on mental health conditions (anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD] and secondary trauma) were gathered with questionnaires measuring lifestyle, coping skills, workability and illness behaviour. Personal information and average symptoms, hazards, and resilience factors were measured and compared between the POHS groups. Stepwise linear regression was used to identify the variable that explained the symptoms' level. RESULTS: Data were gathered from 251 POHS team members working in multidisciplinary services, including OH physicians, psychologists, advisors, nurses, technicians, well-being and administrators. The results showed that POHS teams are experiencing levels of symptoms significantly higher than those found in the general population and that OH counsellors had lower levels of symptoms and sickness absence than their colleagues. The stepwise regression identified managing workloads to be associated with lower symptom levels. CONCLUSIONS: The findings illustrated the importance of a manageable workload, a stable, resilient personality and a positive attitude towards work. Using coping skills, including physical fitness, social support, involvement and getting enough sleep is associated with lower anxiety, depression, PTSD and secondary trauma symptoms.

Perceptions of interprofessional team collaboration among professionals working in the occupational health service in Sweden.

OBJECTIVES: Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) among professionals in occupational health (OH) services is crucial when rendering a service to clients and customers. The aim of this study was to describe and compare perceptions relating to IPC among professionals working as OH providers in Sweden. METHODS: This cross-sectional study with a descriptive and comparative design included 456 respondents representing different OH professions in Sweden. Data were collected using the Swedish short version of the Assessment of Interprofessional Team Collaboration Scale adapted for OH ([AITCS]-SII[OH]), with its 3 subscales Partnership, Cooperation, and Coordination, and were analyzed and presented descriptively. Items and sum scores were dichotomized into inadequate and adequate and compared between sexes, workplaces, types of employment, and professions. RESULTS: According to the responses, items related to openness, honesty, and trust were perceived as adequate among the respondents. The findings show that perceptions about IPC differed among the professions. The perception of IPC also differed between different types of organizations. CONCLUSIONS: The results show diverse perceptions between professionals and organizations. The perception of IPC may be influenced by the professional's education in occupational safety and health. Study findings may be used to support further development of IPC in the OH service for the benefit of the clients. To develop IPC in the best interests of both professionals and customers/clients, further studies need to be performed to gain a deeper understanding of IPC in the OH context.

Electronic Health Records Role in Predicting Outcomes to Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Study Protocol.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are increasing in cost and time lost from work. Electronic health records have the potential to provide rich data to help inform and predict outcomes to WMSDs. The objective is to compare an EHR dataset from an occupational health service to comparative data, to help determine if the EHR dataset can be used in future studies to predict outcomes to care.

Attitudes and Beliefs of Wildland Firefighters Toward Occupational Health Services.

CONTEXT: Wildland firefighters (WLFFs) are at an increased risk of health conditions, injuries, and illnesses related to sustained levels of intense physical activity. The purpose of this study was to identify and explore the current attitudes and beliefs of WLFFs regarding health services. Methods: We used consensual qualitative research design for this study. Participants engaged in an online, semistructured interview. Results: We identified four domains: (1) risk mitigation strategies, (2) culture of fire services, (3) access to health care services, and 4) identification of health care gap. Conclusions: Access to occupational health services for WLFFs is readily available in the form of emergency medical care. However, a lack of regular access to physical medicine and the continuation of care beyond acute treatment was apparent.

Avaliação do sistema de vigilância em saúde do trabalhador relacionada aos acidentes de trabalho, antes e após a implantação do software de linkage Sentinela, em Porto Alegre, 2018-2021 / Evaluation of the occupational health surveillance system before and after the implementation of the Sentinela linkage software, in Porto Alegre, 2018-2021 / Evaluación del sistema de vigilancia de la salud del trabajador relacionada con los accidentes de trabajo, antes y después de la implementación del software de enlace Sentinela, en Porto Alegre, 2018-2021

O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar, segundo alguns atributos, o sistema de vigilância dos acidentes de trabalho antes e após a implantação do software Sentinela (2018-2021), com base em uma pesquisa descritiva de dados secundários, e efetuar recomendações. Foram analisadas variáveis da ficha de investigação, de acordo com os atributos qualidade dos dados (completitude e consistência), oportunidade e representatividade. Os resultados mostraram que, após o Sentinela, houve aumento da notificação de acidentes (66,16%), maior completitude das variáveis, com importante alteração na 'atividade econômica' (98,9%) e 'evolução' (96,3%), diminuição dos campos ignorados/em branco, com destaque para o campo 'evolução' (3,7%), e melhora na oportunidade de controle dos acidentes fatais (79 dias). Concluímos que a vigilância dos acidentes de trabalho tem excelente qualidade dos dados, é representativa, mas inoportuna. O Sentinela melhorou o sistema, tornando-o mais sensível na captação dos acidentes e permitindo-lhe ter informações de melhor qualidade. É necessária a avaliação rotineira dos atributos, para aprimoramento constante do sistema, assim como rever as rotinas das equipes de saúde, melhorando a oportunidade de controle por meio de suas ações

This article aims to evaluate the occupational health surveillance system before and after the implementa-tion of the Sentinela software (2018-2021), according to some attributes and based on descriptive research using secondary data, and to make recommendations. Variables of the accident investigation report were analysed, according to the attributes of data quality (completeness and consistency), opportunity and rep-resentativeness. The results have revealed that after Sentinela, there was an increase in the notification of accidents (66.16%), greater completeness of the variables, with an important change in 'economic activity' (98.9%) and 'evolution' (96.3%), a decreased in blank fields/information missing, with emphasis on the 'evolution' field (3.7%), and an improvement in the opportunity to control fatal accidents (79 days). We have concluded that the surveillance of the occupational accidents has excellent data quality, is representative, but inopportune. The Sentinela has improved the system, making it more sensitive in capturing accidents, allowing it to provide better quality of information. An evaluation of the attributes is routinely necessary to constantly improve the system, as well as reviewing the routines of health professionals, improving the opportunity to control by their actions

El objetivo de este artículo es evaluar, según algunos atributos, el sistema de vigilancia de los accidentes de trabajo antes y después de la implementación del software Sentinela (2018-2021), por medio de una investigación descriptiva de datos secundarios, y hacer recomendaciones. Fueron analizadas variables de la ficha de investigación de accidentes, de acuerdo con los atributos de calidad de los datos (completitud y consistencia), oportunidad y representatividad. Los resultados demostraron que, después del Sentinela, ha habido un aumento de la notificación de accidentes (66,16 %), una mayor completitud de las variables, con un cambio importante en 'actividad económica' (98,9 %) y 'evolución' (96,3 %), una disminución de campos ignorados/en blanco, con énfasis en el campo 'evolución' (3,7%), y mejora en la probabilidad de control de los accidentes mortales (79 días). Concluimos que la vigilancia de los accidentes de trabajo tiene excelente calidad de datos, es representativa, pero inoportuna. El Sentinela ha mejorado el sistema, haciéndolo más sensible en la captación de los accidentes y permitiéndole tener informaciones de mejor calidad. La evaluación de los atributos con regularidad es necesaria para el perfeccionamiento constante del sistema, así como la revisión de las rutinas de los equipos de salud, mejorando la oportunidad de control a través de sus acciones

[Health and safety challenges in medical entities and the powers of the social labor inspector: Lessons related to the COVID-19 outbreak in the context of internal control of employee health and safety]. / Wyzwania w zakresie bhp w podmiotach leczniczych a uprawnienia spolecznego inspektora pracy: wnioski zwiazane z epidemia COVID-19 w kontekscie kontroli wewnetrznej bezpieczenstwa i higieny pracy pracowników.

Employees in the medical profession in a situation where the life of a patient is at risk cannot refrain from working due to unsafe working conditions. Therefore, enforcing the right to safe and hygienic working conditions is particularly important so that employees can provide health care services without additional burdens. The purpose of the study is to determine how the social labour inspector can respond to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) hazards and whether the current powers of the social labor inspectorate as the employer's internal OHS control body are sufficient. The study conducted a regulatory analysis and used relevant literature, including recent studies on law enforcement. In addition, a questionnaire survey was conducted among trade union representatives of medical professionals on the evaluation of social labour inspector activities and OHS hazards during the COVID-19 epidemic period. In this period characterized by many OHS risks in medical entities, the difficulties faced by employers in carrying out their duty to protect the health of their employees became apparent. The system of internal control with the participation of the social labour inspection in this context needs changes, due to the fact that it is used in an inefficient manner. The reasons for this are primarily incomplete legal regulations. The legislator should guarantee the social labour inspector the right to use both methods of rewarding the employer as an incentive for the proper performance of duties and measures to deter violations of the law. Despite the fact that Polish labour law guarantees mechanisms for OHS control by the social labour inspector, it would be appropriate to expand the catalog of measures used by him to effectively motivate employers to protect worker health. This study is a prelude to a broader discussion of OHS monitoring in the context of OHS hazards occurring in healthcare entities. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2023;74(4):301-16.

"That's probably how you would want care to be" - experiences of sick leave teams at a health center, a mixed method study.

BACKGROUND: The health center where this study was performed the management wanted to test whether a sick leave team provided the physicians with better conditions for the task of assessing sick leave. The goals were to ensure the quality of the assessment of patients with sick leave needs and to improve the work environment. The aim of this study was to take part in the staff's experiences of having access to and working in sick leave teams and how the working method affected the number of sick leave patients and sick leave pattern. METHODS: A mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods. Two focus groups were conducted with a total of 11 participants. The head of the health center formed the focus groups, which consisted of 6 doctors, 3 district nurses, 1 rehab coordinator and 1 psychologist. Aggregated sick leave data for full-time and part-time sick leave of more than 90, 180 and 360 days, respectively, were obtained and compiled at project start and end, and from the corresponding period 18 months before project start. RESULTS: The introduction of sick leave teams with physicians and rehabilitation coordinator for patients who turn to the health center for mental illness and / or musculoskeletal problems emerged three main categories from the analysis of the focus group discussions: working environment, clear roles and in-depth competence. The total number of people who were on sick leave more than 365 days decreased by 27% between start and the end of the project, and the proportion of women increased by 11%. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that the complex task of sick leave can be perceived as positive by physicians with the support of teamwork. The working method is similar to that applied in occupational health care, where the physician is not alone with this task. This can also be a way to make primary care a more attractive workplace.

The Evolution of Employee Assistance Programs to Best Support Healthcare Organizations.

GOAL: Employee assistance programs (EAPs) have been evolving since they first became prevalent in the 1970s. The important counseling component of EAPs is sometimes lost in discussions about what they do, with many EAPs marketing a broad portfolio of services such as childcare, elder care, legal referral, and other concierge services rather than counseling. The objective of this study was to examine outcomes for the EAP of one organization (Mayo Clinic), compare them to outcomes reported in the literature, and gain insights to help all healthcare organizations best support their employees. METHODS: Consistent with customary EAP practice, data for this study was collected through an anonymous survey link distributed by e-mail to users of individual counseling as well as users of organizational consulting services such as advising leaders and supervisors and leading educational sessions. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: All (n = 82) individual counseling respondents indicated they would recommend the EAP, none reported worse symptoms, 90% decreased their stress levels, 92% reduced their feelings of anxiety, 88% enjoyed an overall improvement in mood, and 95% developed new skills. If their concern was work-related, 96% agreed the counselor understood the work culture and was able to provide helpful guidance; of the clients who were feeling burned out, 86% agreed they gained strategies to reduce its symptoms. Thematic analysis of individual counseling services indicated that participants highly valued their counselors. Regarding organizational consulting services, respondents (n = 50) indicated EAP services increased their confidence as leaders, supported their work, and provided tangible guidance. They appreciated having an internal EAP counselor. Thematic analysis of organizational consulting services indicated that EAP supported leaders by listening, coaching, and empowering them to normalize issues. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: EAPs have evolved into distinct internal, external, and hybrid internal-external models. Internal model counselors are company employees with inside knowledge of company culture, external EAP model counselors are contracted outside of the company, and hybrid models combine a small cadre of internal counselors with the support of outside contractors. Regardless of the model, EAP counselors must collaborate with internal stakeholders, notably the human resources department, to efficiently identify and troubleshoot employee relational issues and allow for customized initiatives to improve mental health. Based upon these findings and the authors' direct experiences with EAP providers, components of an ideal EAP are outlined to show how EAPs can best support employees. Healthcare leaders seeking to add EAP services are advised to focus on offerings that are custom fit to the organization.

INTEVAL, an example of effective intervention for musculoskeletal pain in the workplace.

The World Health Organization considers the workplace as one of the best contexts for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases. Implementing combined and de-medicalised interventions in Occupational Health Services (OHS) in a sustainable way over time can facilitate access to early detection, and management of musculoskeletal pain at work and improve workers' health. However, developing and implementing such interventions is challenging. Therefore, it is necessary to share previous interventions that describe both implementation and evaluation, in order to be used as practical examples that can inspire different OHS to implement sustainable interventions….

La Organización Mundial de la Salud considera el lugar de trabajo como uno de los mejores contextos para la prevención y control de enfermedades no transmisibles. Implementar intervenciones combinadas y desmedicalizadas en los Servicios de Salud Laboral (SSL) de forma sostenible en el tiempo puede facilitar el acceso para la detección y el manejo temprano del dolor osteomuscular en el trabajo, y mejorar la salud de los trabajadores. Sin embargo, desarrollar este tipo de actuaciones supone un desafío a nivel organizacional y, por tanto, es necesario compartir intervenciones previas que hayan mostrado efectividad y que describan tanto la implementación como la evaluación, para poder usarse como ejemplos prácticos que puedan inspirar a los diferentes SSL para implementar intervenciones sostenibles….

The development and evaluation of an intervention to promote the uptake of preventive tasks by occupational physicians targeting work-related mental health problems: protocol for the IM-PROmPt-study.

OBJECTIVE: Work-related mental health problems are a major and growing public and occupational health issue. Although prevention of work-related disease is a central task in the work of occupational physicians, implementation of preventive tasks can still improve. The aim of this paper is to present the development of an intervention to support occupational physicians in the execution of preventive tasks and a protocol for its evaluation. METHODS: An intervention to support occupational physicians has been developed making use of the implementation mapping protocol. The intervention was based on barriers and facilitators for the execution of preventive tasks, input from stakeholders, and evidence-based strategies from literature. RESULTS: The intervention consists of three peer group supervision meetings directed to preventive tasks. During these meetings, occupational physicians will receive materials and will use goal-setting to formulate their own action plans. The IM-PROmPt-study (Implementation of PReventive tasks by Occupational Physicians) is a two-armed cluster randomized controlled trial, comparing peer group supervision directed to the implementation of preventive tasks for occupational physicians with usual peer group supervision. The evaluation will include an effect and process evaluation to examine if the intervention is successful in supporting OPs to implement preventive activities, specifically aimed to prevent work-related mental health problems. DISCUSSION: The intervention is expected to lead to more knowledge and awareness of the value of prevention among OPs, anticipated to lead to both organizational and individual gains. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN registry; ISRCTN15394765. Registered on 27 June 2023.

Development and maturation of the occupational health services research field in the United States over the past 25 years: Challenges and opportunities for the future.

Work is an important social determinant of health; unfortunately, work-related injuries remain prevalent, can have devastating impact on worker health, and can impose heavy economic burdens on workers and society. Occupational health services research (OHSR) underpins occupational health services policy and practice, focusing on health determinants, health services, healthcare delivery, and health systems affecting workers. The field of OHSR has undergone tremendous expansion in both definition and scope over the past 25 years. In this commentary, focusing on the US, we document the historical development and evolution of OHSR as a research field, describe current doctoral-level OHSR training, and discuss challenges and opportunities for the OHSR field. We also propose an updated definition for the OHSR field: Research and evaluation related to the determinants of worker health and well-being; to occupational injury and illness prevention and surveillance; to healthcare, health programs, and health policy affecting workers; and to the organization, access, quality, outcomes, and costs of occupational health services and related health systems. Researchers trained in OHSR are essential contributors to improvements in healthcare, health systems, and policy and programs to improve worker health and productivity, as well as equity and justice in job and employment conditions. We look forward to the continued growth of OHSR as a field and to the expansion of OHSR academic training opportunities.

Saúde do Trabalhador: qual o papel do fonoaudiólogo? / Occupational Health: what is the role of the speech therapist? / Salud Laboral: ¿cuál es el papel del logopeda?

Introdução: A fonoaudiologia teve inserção na Saúde do trabalhador principalmente por práticas de cuidados relacionados a audição e voz. Para a oferta de um cuidado mais aderente às necessidades dos trabalhadores, é necessário que as práticas fonoaudiológicas se ampliem nesse campo, propondo ações de promoção em saúde e cuidados em distúrbios da comunicação relacionados ao trabalho, visando a atenção integral à saúde dos trabalhadores e, assim, desapegando-se das ações essencialmente assistenciais e reabilitadoras. Objetivo: O presente estudo se propõe a compreender a formação do Fonoaudiólogo em Saúde do Trabalhador. Método: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, aplicou-se questionário eletrônico aos Fonoaudiólogos que atuam em Centros de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador (CERESTs) buscando descrever o perfil desses profissionais, sua relação com o trabalho e as práticas realizadas. Resultados: Foram alcançados 33 fonoaudiólogos que atuam em Centros de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador (CERESTs) do país em 14 estados brasileiros. O estudo verificou um grupo de profissionais majoritariamente feminino, porém heterogêneo quanto ao ano de formação, faixa etária, ano de entrada no CEREST e tempo de serviço. Verificou-se que as cargas horárias semanais variam de seis a 44 horas e, ainda, que as fonoaudiólogas realizam além das ações de núcleo específicas, atividades coletivas internas, externas, intersetoriais e ações de vigilância. Conclusão: Foi possível caracterizar o perfil das fonoaudiólogas que atuam nos CERESTs, além de levantar as ações e atividades realizadas, contribuindo para o entendimento do atual estado da Saúde do Trabalhador na Fonoaudiologia e para a proposição de ampliação da atuação na área. (AU)

Introduction: Speech therapy has been inserted in Worker's Health mainly through care practices related to hearing and voice. It is necessary for speech therapy practices to expand in this field, proposing health promotion actions and care for work-related communication disorders, aiming at comprehensive care for workers' health, and thus detaching from essentially care and rehabilitative actions. Objective: The present study proposes to understand the formation of the Speech-Language Pathologist in Occupational Health. Method: This is a quantitative study, an electronic questionnaire was applied to Speech-Language Pathologists who work in Occupational Health Reference Centers (CERESTs) seeking to describe the profile of these professionals, their relationship with work and the practices performed. Results: The study reached 33 speech therapists working in Workers' Health Reference Centers (CERESTs) from 14 Brazilian states. The study found a group of mostly female professionals, but heterogeneous as to year of graduation, age, year of entry in CEREST and years of service, it was identified that the weekly workloads vary from six to 44 hours and also that speech therapists perform specific nucleus actions, but also internal and external collective activities, intersectional and vigilance actions. Conclusion: It was possible to characterize the profile of speech therapists who work in CERESTs, and also to identify the actions and activities performed, contributing to the understanding of the current state of Occupational Health in Speech Therapy and to the proposition of expanding work in the area. (AU)

Introducción: La logopedia se ha insertado en la Salud del Trabajador principalmente a través de prácticas asistenciales relacionadas con la audición y la voz. Es necesario que las prácticas fonoaudiológicas se expandan en este campo, proponiendo acciones de promoción de la salud y atención a los trastornos de la comunicación relacionados con el trabajo, visando la atención integral a la salud de los trabajadores, y despegándose así de acciones esencialmente asistenciales y rehabilitadoras. Objetivo: El presente estudio se propone comprender la formación del Fonoaudiólogo en Salud Ocupacional. Método: Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, se aplicó un cuestionario electrónico a los fonoaudiólogos que actúan en los Centros de Referencia en Salud del Trabajo (CERESTs) buscando describir el perfil de estos profesionales, su relación con el trabajo y las prácticas realizadas. Resultados: Llegamos a 33 logopedas que trabajan en los Centros de Referencia de Salud de los Trabajadores (CEREST) de 14 estados brasileños. El estudio encontró un grupo de profesionales mayoritariamente femenino, pero heterogéneo en cuanto al año de graduación, la edad, el año de incorporación al CEREST y la antigüedad, las cargas de trabajo semanales que varían de seis a 44 horas y también que los logopedas realizan, además de las acciones básicas específicas, actividades colectivas internas y externas, acciones intersectoriales y de vigilancia. Conclusión: Fue posible caracterizar el perfil de las fonoaudiólogas que acuden a los CEREST, además de levantar las acciones y actividades realizadas contribuyendo así a la comprensión del estado actual de la Salud del Trabajador en la Fonoaudiología y a la propuesta de ampliación de la enseñanza en el área. (AU)

[Analysis of the profile of employees declared unfit for the job : How do societal or extra-professional factors contribute, and what are the consequences for employment?] / Analyse du profil des salariés déclarés inaptes au poste de travail : quelle place pour les facteurs sociétaux ou extra-professionnels et quelles conséquences sur l'emploi ?

INTRODUCTION: Professional career can be modified by health problems. Professional impairment, certified by an occupational health physician, can be followed by a redeployment or occupational disintegration. OBJECTIVES: To describe the profiles of workers declared unfit for their workplace and the profiles of those who have no remaining work capacity (RWC). METHODS: The workers followed by an inter-enterprise occupational health service composed of 20 occupational physicians. The characteristics of workers declared unfit for work were extracted from the medical files: age, gender, activity sector (Naf), socioprofessional category (PCS), pathology leading to professional impairment (CIM10), status of obligation to employ disabled workers (BOETH). Factors associated with unfitness to work due to no remaining work capacity (RWC) were identified by logistic regression models. RESULTS: In 2019, 82678 workers in France were followed by the SPSTI and 554 (0.67%), of whom 162 had no RWC, were declared unfit to work by an occupational health physician. Professional impairment rates were highest for women and workers > 55 years old. Psychological (29%) and rheumatic (50%) pathologies were the most frequent causes of professional impairment. BOETH status was identified among 63%. Age > 45 and psychological pathology were significantly associated with absent RWC, whereas gender, activity sector and PCS were not. DISCUSSION: No comprehensive public administration records of professional impairment exist in France. While past studies have described the profiles of workers who were unfit for their workplace, none have characterized those without RWC, who are high risk of precarity. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological pathologies generate the most professional impairment in persons without RWC. Prevention of these pathologies is essential. While rheumatic disease is the first cause of professional impairment, the proportion of workers with these diseases who have no remaining work capacity is relatively low; this may be due to the efforts made to facilitate their return to work.

Making things work-In spite of a pandemic small scale enterprise managers' approach to business changes and health issues.

BACKGROUND: Covid-19 is one of the worst crises in modern working life with a direct negative impact on many enterprises and organizations. The aim of this study is to explore what managers in Small Scale Enterprises (SSEs) changed in their business during the Covid-19 pandemic, particularly addressing health issues. METHODS: A longitudinal qualitative research methodology was used, interviewing 16 managers of SSEs in the Norwegian and Swedish manufacturing and service sector both before (round 1) and during the pandemic (round 2). In this approach, time is designed into the research process, making change a key focus for analysis. RESULTS: The analysis resulted in two main themes, resilience and demanding occupational health and safety conditions, and five sub-themes. Results show how managers in SSEs changed their business during the Covid-19 pandemic and the impact of these changes. Although, the enterprises were heavily affected in the beginning of the pandemic, several managers found new solutions for their businesses to maintain and reach new customers. They applied a socially responsible management which addressed different health issues. CONCLUSION: Crises like the Covid-19 pandemic will have future impact on SSEs making it important to understand how managers in such enterprises address business and health issues. This knowledge may have practical implications for supporting managers in SSEs in how to perform a socially responsible management and maintain occupational health and safety measures. The managerial implications from this research are that they need to be flexible, reorientable and, at the same time, be loyal to the core business. This study shows the importance of doing longitudinal studies about business and health issues among mangers in SSEs.

Entornos de trabajo saludables II: ¿cómo implementar un entorno de trabajo saludable? / Healthy work environments II: how to implement a healthy work environment?

Las formas o estrategias de cómo llevar a cabo la implementación o creación de entornos o lugares de trabajo saludables, son amplios y diversos y su importancia radica en que dependerá de variados aspectos, siendo la intensión de esta nota técnica, en que sea visto como un proceso con etapas que han sido reconocidas como beneficiosas para lograr con éxito esta implementación. Para contextualizar es necesario recordar que la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) define al Entorno Laboral Saludable como "Aquel en el que los trabajadores y directivos colaboran en utilizar un proceso de mejora continua para proteger y promover la salud, seguridad y bienestar de los trabajadores y la sustentabilidad del ambiente de trabajo". Generar iniciativas para desarrollar trabajos saludables, tiene un sentido desde la dimensión humana, repercutiendo sobre la salud y aspectos sociales de los trabajadores y trabajadoras, la familia y la comunidad, entre otros; teniendo impacto también sobre la empresa en aspectos como la productividad, la calidad y otros costos asociados. La OMS plantea y propone una serie de principios que pretenden asegurar que se cumplan las expectativas de todos los involucrados en el proceso de implementación y permiten sustentar los cambios o intervenciones en el largo plazo, tanto como proceso, como por sus resultados; estos principios son la base del desarrollo de esta nota técnica

(Un)belonging at work: an overlooked ingredient of workplace health.

Organizations offer activities and programmes to improve their employees' health. These workplace health promotion (WHP) activities usually have an individualized and top-down focus, a low uptake among employees, and are perceived to be out of line with employees' experiences and definitions of health. This paper follows up on studies that have broadened the focus of WHP by including social relations and delves deeper into how daily practices and experiences of (un)belonging at work relate to workplace health. Based on ethnographic research in two companies in the Netherlands, this paper analyses how (un)belonging is expressed and experienced by employees. The paper shows that employees define health at work as a social practice. It also demonstrates how dynamics at work shape different dimensions of (un)belonging that, in turn, affect employees' perceived health at work. These findings indicate the importance of including (un)belonging in the workplace as an ingredient of WHP.

Secuelas post COVID-19 como causa de estado de invalidez / Post-covid-19 sequelae as a cause of disability

Introducción: Existe un alto impacto económico secundario a incapacidades prolongadas y secuelas invalidantes post-COVID-19 en trabajadores. Objetivo: Identificar las secuelas post-COVID como causa de estado de invalidez. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal y retrolectivo. Mediante los registros de los dictámenes de invalidez emitidos en los sistemas de información de salud en el trabajo de octubre 2020 a enero 2022 en delegación Querétaro del instituto mexicano del seguro social (IMSS). Resultados: Se incluyeron 32 dictámenes, masculinos 88% femenino 12%. Edad media 44.5 años (DE±9). El 71% cursaron con enfermedad critica. El 77% tenía una o más comorbilidades. Las secuelas predominantes fueron estenosis traqueal y neuropatías. Días de estancia intrahospitalaria media 41.4 (DE±37.6). Días previos de incapacidad al dictamen media 236.6 (DE±96.5). El 46.8% fueron trabajadores del área industrial. Conclusión: Predominó trabajadores masculinos, con una o más comorbilidades, enfermedad crítica y secuelas por estancias intrahospitalarias prolongadas en trabajadores con invalidez secundario a COVID 19. (AU)

Introduction: There is a high economic impact secondary to prolonged disabilities and disabling sequelae post-COVID-19 in workers. Objective: Identify post-COVID sequelae as a cause of disability status Material and Methods: Cross-sectional and retrolective study. Through the records of the disability opinions issued in the occupational health information systems from October 2020 to January 2022 in the Querétaro delegation of the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS). Results: 32 opinions were included, male 88% female 12%. Mean age 44.5 years (SD±9). 71% attended with critical illness. 77% had one or more comorbidities. The predominant sequelae were tracheal stenosis and neuropathies. Mean days of hospital stay 41.4 (SD±37.6). Mean days of disability prior to the opinion 236.6 (SD±96.5). 46.8% were workers in the industrial area. Conclusion: Male workers predominate, with one or more comorbidities, critical illness and sequelae from prolonged hospital stays in workers with disability secondary to COVID 19. (AU)

329ª Reunião Ordinária do Conselho Nacional de Saúde - 28 abr. 2022